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Blum–Byrnes agreement
The Blum–Byrnes agreements (in French accord Blum-Byrnes) were a series of commercial French-American agreements, signed May 28, 1946, by the Secretary of State James F. Byrnes and representatives of the French government Léon Blum and, especially, Jean Monnet.〔Wall, Irwin M.. The United States and the making of postwar France, 1945-1954. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print.〕 The agreements aimed to eradicate France’s debt to America and obtain new credit in exchange for opening France’s markets to American products, especially film productions.〔Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier. French cinema: from its beginnings to the present. New York: Continuum, 2002. Print.〕
==Pre-agreement conditions==
French cinema was protected against foreign competition by a numerical quota system limiting the number of foreign films shown per year. Between 1936 and 1940, only 188 foreign (mostly American) films were allowed each year.〔Bellos, David. "Tati and America: Jour de fete and the blum-byrnes agreement of 1946." French Cultural Studies 10.29 (1999): 145-146. Print..〕 Starting from 1940, films from non-Axis countries were banned under the German Occupation. The French cinema industry flourished under these conditions and in 1945 was the second-largest industry (in terms of employment numbers) in France, second only to the railways.〔
Meanwhile, the overall economy of France faltered in the post-war years. The economy reached an all-time low by the summer of 1947.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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